Three-dimensional display apparatus

ABSTRACT

A three-dimensional display apparatus capable of producing an image in three dimensions without the aid of optical illusions or perspective trickery. The display apparatus is comprised of a plurality of pixels which are, in turn, comprised of a plurality of cells. The cells illuminate in one of the three primary colors red, green and blue such that a combination of a red, green and blue cell into a pixel, is capable of producing any color in the visible spectrum. The cells are oriented in the pixel such that light from the pixel is perceivable in six directions, thereby creating a three-dimensional light source. By combining a plurality of these three-dimensional light sources, i.e. a plurality of pixels in a three-dimensional matrix, a three-dimensional image is capable of being displayed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This application is related to co-pending and commonly assigned U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 09/477,568 and 09/477,571 filedconcurrently herewith and hereby incorporated by reference.

1. Technical Field

The present invention is directed to a three-dimensional displayapparatus. In particular, the present invention is directed to a displaycomprised of a plurality of pixels, each pixel being comprised of aplurality of cells, which is capable of displaying an image inthree-dimensions.

2. Description of Related Art

The ability to accurately recreate images in three dimensions has longbeen sought after. Three-dimensional displays may be very important insuch areas as entertainment, medical imagery, architectural design, anda plethora of other areas. The result of this long felt need forthree-dimensional displays has been the development of advanced ways oftricking the human brain into believing that the images seen by the eyeare in three dimensions.

For example, computers may use perspective drawing techniques torepresent three dimensions on a two dimensional screen. Some picturesand optical illusions, when stared at, give the impression of some depthdue to the brain's pattern recognition capabilities and the brain'sdesire to interpret what is seen in a meaningful way. “Virtual reality”goggles make use of doubling a two dimensional perspective image so thatthe brain interprets the perspective as depth. Other methods of trickingthe brain, such as holography and 3D glasses, have been used withlimited success.

Thus, the attempts at creating three-dimensional imagery have failed atcreating an actual three-dimensional display and must therefore, rely ontricks to fool the human brain into believing what is seen is athree-dimensional image. In view of the above, it would be advantageousto have a method and apparatus to provide an actual three-dimensionalimage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a three-dimensional display apparatusthat does not require tricks or illusions to represent objects in threedimensions. The display is comprised of a plurality of pixels which are,in turn, comprised of a plurality of cells.

The cells include a plurality of cell walls, a cell lens wall and a cellbase. The cells further include an anode and a cathode. The cell isfilled with a gas that is excited by electrical discharges. A phosphorusmaterial is applied to the anode, or nearby the anode, such that when anelectrical discharge is created between the anode and the cathode, thegas is electrically excited causing the gas to emit ultravioletradiation. The ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphorus material toemit visible light according to a color of the phosphorus material. Ananode having a phosphorus material of a certain color applied to it ornearby it will be identified by the color of the phosphorus material.Thus, for example, an anode having a red colored phosphorus materialapplied to it will be identified as a red anode.

A plurality of cells are combined to create a pixel. Each pixel has atleast one cathode and at least one anode of each color red, green andblue. By controlling the intensities and durations of the charge to eachof the anodes of the respective colors red, green and blue, every colorin the visible spectrum is producible. The pixel may further include alens for helping to focus the visible light such that the light isperceivable by a viewer in six directions, thereby creating athree-dimensional light source.

A plurality of the pixels are combined to create a three-dimensionaldisplay. The three-dimensional display is controlled by a control systemthat determines which of the pixels to turn on and which to turn off, aswell as the intensities of the light that the cells of the pixelsproduce and the duration of their illumination. Based on thisdetermination, the control system sends electrical signals alongaddressable anode bus lines, cathode lines, and the like, to cause theselected pixels to illuminate. The combination of illuminated pixels,which are three-dimensional light sources, in a three-dimensional matrixcreates a three-dimensional display. The three-dimensional display is anactual three-dimensional display and is not based on optical illusionsor perspective trickery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are setforth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well asa preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, willbest be understood by reference to the following detailed description ofan illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein like numerals designate like elements,and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a cell;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are exemplary diagrams of a pixel;

FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a three-dimensional display section;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a control system for controllingthe operation of the——three-dimensional display;

FIGS. 5A–C are exemplary diagrams of a three-dimensional imageproducible with the three-dimensional display apparatus according to theinvention;

FIGS. 6–9 illustrate a method of manufacturing the three-dimensionaldisplay apparatus according to the invention; and

FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram of an alternative embodiment of a pixeland a cell contained within the pixel according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention is a hierarchy of devices which build upon eachother. The three-dimensional display of the present invention iscomprised of a plurality of pixels which are, in turn, comprised of aplurality of cells. Thus, the following description will address each ofthese building blocks from the cell to the display separately forclarity.

Three-Dimensional Display Cell

FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a cell 100 according to the presentinvention. As shown in FIG. 1, cell 100 is comprised of a cell base 110,a plurality of cell walls 120, a cell lens wall 130, an addressableanode 140 and a cathode 150. Cell 100 has a truncated-pyramidal shapewith the volume created by the cell base 110, cell walls 120 and celllens wall 130. The volume is filled with a gas, such as Xenon gas, orthe like, that emits ultra-violet radiation when electrically excited.

Although FIG. 1 shows the cell 100 as having a large height, thedimensions of the cell 100 in FIG. 1 are exaggerated for clarity ofdescription of the elements 110–150. In a preferred embodiment, theheight is less than one half the length or width of the cell base 110 inorder to ensure that the cell 100 may be combined with other cells 100to create a pixel. Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows the cell base 110, cellwalls 120, and cell lens wall 130 as being without thickness while inactuality the cell base 110 and cell walls 120–130 will have a thicknessdue to the materials used in their construction.

The cell base 110 and cell lens wall 130 are constructed from atransparent material such that light emitted from the cell 100 may passthrough the transparent material. The transparent material may be, forexample, glass or the like. With the cell lens wall 130, light passingthrough the transparent material is reflected back through the cell lenswall 130 by a lens, described hereafter. With the cell base 110, thelight passing through the transparent cell base 110 is emitted asvisible light which is perceivable by the human eye.

Although the above described embodiment utilizes a cell lens wall 130made of a transparent material, the invention is not limited to such anembodiment. Rather, the cell lens wall 130 may be the lens itself. Thus,the cell 100 may have an opening at the apex of the cell 100 which maybe used to accommodate the placement of the lens. However, for purposesof describing the invention, it will we assumed that the cell lens wall130 is a separate cell wall located at the apex of the cell 100.

The cell lens wall 130 may be flat as shown in FIG. 1 or may havevarious different shapes depending on the type and size of the lens usedwith the cell 100. For example, if a spherical lens is used, the celllens wall 130 may have a curvature protruding into the cell 100 volumeto thereby accommodate the curvature of the lens. Similarly, if a lensis omitted, a cell lens wall 130 is not needed, and the cell walls 120may continue the pyramidal shape of the cell 100 to a pointed vertexwhere the lens would have been centered.

The cell base 110 and cell walls 120 are comprised of a dielectricmaterial which is transparent to visible light and which reflects orabsorbs ultraviolet light. This allows the visible light from a firstcell 100 to blend with a second cell 100 while preventing theultraviolet light from the first cell 100 from interfering with theoperation of the second cell 100. For example, the cell walls 120 may beconstructed from a glass material coated with an ultraviolet lightblocker or absorption material (such as is currently used in theconstruction of sunglasses and prescription glasses). The coating isclear and does not affect the tint of the material.

The dielectric properties of the material of the cell base 110 and thecell walls 120 aid in containing the electric discharges within thecell. In this way, the electric discharges of one cell will notinterfere with the operation of a neighboring cell when the cells areplaced in a matrix formation.

The cell further includes a phosphorus material which is used to emitvisible light when an electrical discharge is created between theaddressable anode 140 and cathode 150. The phosphorus material may beplaced near the addressable anode 140, such that the electricaldischarge passes through the phosphorus material. Alternatively, thephosphorus material may be placed on one or more of the cell walls 120or a portion of one or more of the cell walls 120 such that theelectrical discharge does not pass through the phosphorus material.

By avoiding the electrical discharge passing through the phosphorusmaterial, degradation of the phosphorus material is minimized. However,for purposes of clarity, the following description will assume thephosphorus material to be placed on or near the addressable anode 140.As such, anodes having a red colored phosphorus material applied to themor nearby them will be designated red anodes, with the same notationused in regard to blue and green phosphorus material.

The electrical circuitry necessary to cause the cell 100 to function maybe placed in any location on the cell walls 120 or in the seams betweenthe cell walls 120, the seams between the cell walls 120 and the celllens wall 130 or the cell base 110, by using microchip technology. Suchcircuitry is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art andmay comprise fine wires, resistors, and the like, along with cathodeelectrical lines and an addressable anode bus line. The electricalconnections are preferably transparent to the human eye such that theyare not perceived when the cell 100 is viewed in a normal viewingmanner.

The operation of the cell 100 is similar to that of cells in plasmadisplays, such as the plasma display described in The ElectricalEngineering Handbook, Second Edition, CRC Press, 1997, pages 1939–1950,which is hereby incorporated by reference. Specifically, the addressableanode 140 is selectively positively charged when a signal is sent to theaddressable anode 140 by way of an anode bus line (not shown). As aresult, electrons from the cathode 130 are attracted to the addressableanode 140 thereby creating an electrical discharge and an excitation ofthe gas filled volume in a cell 100.

Because of the electrical excitation, the gas in the cell 100 emitsultraviolet radiation which causes the phosphorus material in the cellto emit visible light corresponding to the color of the phosphorusmaterial. The visible light emitted by the phosphorus material isfocused by the lens (if present) to pass through the cell base 110 suchthat the light is perceivable by the human eye.

The intensity and duration of the light emitted from the phosphorusmaterial can be controlled by controlling the intensity and duration ofthe electrical discharge. Thus, by controlling the signal from the anodebus line to the addressable anode 140, the intensity and duration of thecell 100 emissions can be controlled.

The cell 100 emits visible light corresponding to the color of thephosphorus material in the cell 100. When a plurality of these cells 100are combined, one cell 100 having, for example, a red phosphorusmaterial, another having a green phosphorus material, and a third havinga blue phosphorus material, by controlling the intensities of the lightemitted from each of these cells 100, all of the colors in the visiblespectrum may be produced. The combination of cells 100 is referred toherein as a pixel of the three-dimensional display.

Three-Dimensional Display Pixel

FIGS. 2A and 2B are exemplary diagrams of a pixel 200 according to thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 2A, the pixel 200 is comprised of aplurality of cells 100 with each face of the cube being a cell base 110.For example, in the cube structure of FIG. 2A, six cells are combined tocreate the pixel 200 (one cell for each face of the cube).

Only three of the cells 100 are necessary for creating the visible lightthat will be emitted by the pixel 200 even though the light will beemitted in all six directions from the center of the pixel. Thus, forexample, cells 210, 220 and 230 in FIG. 2B, corresponding to cellshaving a green phosphorus material, blue phosphor and red phosphorusmaterial, respectively, are used to create any color in the visiblespectrum. The auxiliary cells 240–260 may be used for auxiliary anodes,wiring, and other circuitry used to operate the pixel 200.Alternatively, the auxiliary cells 240–260 may be removed to providefurther space for circuitry or to allow for larger cells 100 having alarger gas volume. However, a singular three-dimensional geometry shouldbe maintained for all pixels 200 such as, for example, a cube.

Each of the cells 210–230 has a corresponding addressable anode 270–290.A single cathode 295 is used to power each of the cells 210–230. Thus,for example, when the cathode 295 is powered and the addressable anode270 receives a signal, the cell 210 is caused to emit a green light.Similarly, when addressable anodes 280 and 290 receive signals, thecells 220 and 230 are caused to emit blue and red lights, respectively.The light from each of the cells 210–230 is combined to create a singlepixel color that is seen by the human eye. Thus, by controlling whichcells 210–230 illuminate and the intensities of each of theilluminations, various colors of the visible spectrum are perceived by aviewer.

Although a single cathode 295 is utilized with each of the cells210–230, the invention is not limited to such an embodiment. Rather,depending on the implementation, each cell may have its own dedicatedcathode 295. A single cathode 295 is preferred in this embodimentbecause it simplifies the overall design and reduces the amount ofmaterials necessary to create the pixel 200. However, power constraintsand potential problems with stray discharge may require that one or moreof the cells 100 in a pixel 200 have their own cathode 295 or sharetheir cathode 295 with a limited number of other cells 100.

The cells 210–260 are centered around a lens 298 which can focus thevisible light emitted from the phosphorus material through the cellbases 110 (faces of the cube). The lens 298 may have, for example, arefractive core and utilize different thickness of materials fordetermining the focusing of the lens 298. For example, the lens 298 mayhave a crystalline substrate for a core that provides refractivequalities similar to diamonds. The light reflected from the crystallinecore will be reflected at multiple different angles which intersect atseveral points thereby blending the colors of light together. The lensmaterial surrounding the core may then map the outermost planes of thecrystalline substrate to the plane of the pixel walls making the pixelwalls appear brightest, thereby giving the pixel its cubical lightedshape.

The lens 298 may be spherical (as shown) or may be any other geometricconfiguration that allows for the focusing of light through each of thecells 210–260. For example, the lens 298 may be cubical or hexagonal inshape. The cell lens walls 130 for each of the cells 210–260 is shapedto accommodate the shape of the lens 298 or lack thereof.

Because the lens 298 focuses the light emitted by the phosphorusmaterial onto the cell bases 130, i.e. the faces of the pixel, athree-dimensional light source is created. When a plurality of pixelsare combined, each having a three-dimensional light source, the resultis a three-dimensional image. The thickness of the cell bases 110, i.e.the faces of the cube, provide enough distance between the pixels 200such that the colors of the pixels do not blend into one another and thepixels are distinguishable.

Three-Dimensional Display

FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a three-dimensional display 300according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the display 300is comprised of a plurality of pixels 310–370. These pixels areimplemented using pixel 200 from FIG. 2. Each of the pixels 200 has ared, blue, and green anode (designated in FIG. 3 as a circle with an R,B or G) and a cathode (designated by a circle with a C). The front faceof the pixels 310–370 are shaded for clarification purposes only and theactual display will not require additional shading of the pixel face.

Additionally, the cube structure of the display 300 is cut away in FIG.3 to aid in understanding the structure of the display 300. Inactuality, the display 300 may be a complete cube or may be any othergeometric configuration. For example, the display 300 may berectangular, rhomboidal, or the like. The lenses of the pixels are notshown in FIG. 3 for clarity in illustrating the invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, up to eight adjacent cells may share an anode and/ora cathode. Furthermore, pixels 310–370 may share pixel faces and hence,share the pixel face materials. For example, the top face of pixel 310may also be the bottom face of pixel 320. This arrangement of pixels310–370 minimizes the amount of materials necessary to produce thedisplay 300, reduces the complexity of the overall display 300, andthereby reduces the cost of producing the display 300.

Microchip technology may be used to create connections between pixels,cells, signal sources and power sources along the seams between pixels310–370 and/or in the cell walls or auxiliary cells. In particular, theseams between anodes may be used to hold an addressable anode bus linefor addressing the anodes to thereby turn the cells of the pixels310–370 on and off and to control the intensity and duration of theillumination of the pixels.

It should be noted that each addressable anode in the display 300 isconnected to another addressable anode of the same color by a straightline bus connection along a seam in any direction. Thus, for example,the green anode of pixel 310 is connected by a bus line along the seamto the green anode of pixel 330. Likewise, the green anode of pixel 310is also connected by a bus line along the seam to the green anode ofpixel 340 and to the green anode of the pixel behind pixel 320. Thisstructural characteristic aids in addressability of the pixels in thatevery pixel seam will have only one type of anode or cathode assigned toit.

It should also be noted that the distance between any two adjacentanodes and the distance between adjacent anodes and an adjacent cathodeis the same. In other words, each primary electrical component isequidistant from its nearest neighbors in this invention's matrix ofpixels. This distance, in the cubical structure shown in FIG. 3, isequal to the square root of two, times the length of one side of apixel.

Furthermore, the distance between an electrical component (anode orcathode) and its nearest neighbor of the same type is twice the lengthof one side of a pixel. This configuration simplifies the calculationnecessary to determine signal strength and the specific charges neededfor a desired cell output.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a control system 400 forcontrolling the operation of the three-dimensional display of FIG. 3. Asshown in FIG. 4, the control system includes a controller 410, an imageinput interface 420, a display interface 430, and a memory 440. Theseelements are in communication with one another via the control/signalbus 450. Although a bus architecture is shown in FIG. 4, otherarchitectures that facilitate the communication between elements 410–440may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

The controller 410 may be used to determine which pixels 200 of thedisplay to illuminate, which anodes and/or cathodes to charge and theintensity of the charge to each of the anodes and/or cathodes in orderto create a desired three-dimensional image input via the image inputinterface 420. Using the control system of FIG. 4, an image is input viathe image input interface 420 and temporarily stored in memory 440. Theimage input interface 420 may provide a communication pathway from anyof a plurality of image sources. For example, the image source may be acomputer, television signal receiver, cable system receiver, satellitereceiver, storage medium, or the like.

The input image may need to be coded in such a way that the input imagedata depicts an image in three dimensions. For example, in computergraphical displays, the input image data may consist ofthree-dimensionally rendered objects which have image data identifyingimage features with three-dimensional measurements.

The controller 410 pixelizes the input image in three dimensions andsends the pixelized input image to the display interface 430. Thedisplay interface 430 processes the pixelized input image and drives thethree-dimensional display 300 to reproduce the image in threedimensions. The pixelization and reproduction of the input image maymake use of coordinate system transformation to transform the pixelizedinput image into data represented in a display coordinate system. Suchcoordinate transformations are well known to those of ordinary skill inthe art.

FIGS. 5A–C illustrate the manner in which the display 300 of FIG. 3 maybe used to generate a three-dimensional image. As shown in FIG. 5, thecontroller 410 controls the pixels such that each pixel illuminates adesired color. Those pixels that are not to illuminate or those pixelsthat are not perceived by a viewer (such as pixels in the center of thedisplay, are not “turned on” by the controller 410 and thus, do notilluminate.

FIG. 5A shows the display 300 (the full cubical display 300) with thenon-illuminated pixels shown for correlation to the display 300 shown inFIG. 3. FIG. 5B shows the display 300 without the non-illuminated pixelsbut with pixel seams shown. FIG. 5C shows the display 300 as it would beseen from a human viewer. As shown in FIG. 5C, the human viewer does notperceive the pixel seams but rather only sees differences in color. Alsonote that pixel walls that are shared by two pixels and that areilluminated by both pixels will be internal to the three-dimensionalimage and will not be seen by the viewer.

As an example of the use of the display 300 to produce athree-dimensional image, consider a hollow cylinder, having a squarecross-section, standing on one end. In order to display such an imagewith the display 300, the outer facing pixels of the display 300 will beilluminated while the center pixels will not be illuminated. Thus, if aviewer is to look at the display from a vantage point slightly above thedisplay, the viewer will see a square shaped top with sides extendingdownward. Furthermore, some of the pixels from the side of the cylinderwill be seen through the center hole in the cylinder since the centerpixels are not illuminated. This in addition to the relative distancebetween illuminated pixels allows a viewer to perceive depths in thethree-dimensional image.

Manufacture of the Three-Dimensional Display

FIGS. 6–9 depict a manufacturing process for manufacturing athree-dimensional display apparatus according to the invention. As shownin FIG. 6, the first step in manufacturing the three-dimensional displayof the present invention is to construct a base 600 for containing theintegrated circuitry 620 needed to drive the display and to distributeall pixel connections to the appropriate “major seam” locations. Forexample, with a cubical display, such as the cubical display of FIG. 3,the lower face of the cubical section 300, may act as the base of thedisplay. The base 600 may be constructed from, for example, a glassmaterial or silicon material that is etched and has appropriatecircuitry deposited thereon.

The major seam is defined as the outermost edge of a cube section,designed to square off all sides of the section and provide distributionof connections from the base or other major seams. The major seamappropriately routes signals and connections to etched pixelconnections, pixel seams, or other major seams. The major seam may alsoprovide structural stability and weight distribution.

Next, a first “form layer” 700 is created when a form 710 is pressed toa mold 720 and a glass material, which is secreted into the mold 720, isthereby manipulated to a desired shape (FIG. 7). A “form layer” isdefined as a layer of partial pixels formed by pressing a form onto amold. The mold 720 may include electrical components, such as cathodesand anodes, which are to be embedded into the pliant glass as it ispressed into shape while other electrical connections, such as leadlines, may be kept exterior to the glass. The glass is allowed tosolidify and the form is then removed.

The mold 720 is pitted with shapes necessary to create one half of apixel (not including the base or lens). The mold may be pitted in such away that a plurality of “half pixels” are created with each form layer.

After the glass has solidified, etching is performed to place finewires, resistors, and the like on the “half pixels.” Resistors areplaced on the interior walls of the “half pixel” while wirings areplaced on the pixel walls and the base 600. Connections to “major seams”are made along pixel seams. The first layer of wiring for a “major seam”will connect directly to the integrated circuitry of the base 610.

After etching the wiring patterns and placement of the electricaldevices, a protective coating is applied to all exposed surfaces andallowed to set. The protective coating helps to prevent ultravioletradiation from escaping the pixel cells by reflecting or absorbing them.Additionally, some of this protective material may be chemicallyincluded in the glass or similar material used to form the pixelstructure, to further protect primary electrical components fromultraviolet radiation degradation.

Next, the red, green and blue phosphorus material is applied to theappropriate anode, cell wall, or portion of cell wall near the anode.The first form layer 700 is then immersed in a gas filled volume 810(FIG. 8), such as a Xenon filled chamber, for example. The first formlayer 700 is then applied and sealed to the base 610 using a sealingsolution. The pixel faces are shaded in FIG. 8 for purposes of clarityonly.

A sealing solution is applied, and a second form layer 920 is thenapplied to the first form layer 700 (FIG. 9). To aid in sealing thefirst form layer 700 to the base 610 and the second form layer 920 tothe first form layer 700, layer connectors (not shown) may be utilized.Layer connectors are juts or small bumps of extra pixel material, suchas glass, which are left during the form layer process so that the formlayer may be more fully joined with the next form layer or base.

The second form layer 920 is created in the same manner as the firstform layer 700 but includes the form corresponding to the other half ofthe pixels in the first form layer 700 (excluding the upper pixel face).The second form layer 920 may also include the lens 298.

The sealing solution seals the connection between the two form layers.The side-facing and bottom-facing cells 930 thereby seal in a portion ofthe gas from the gas filled volume. Next, a top glass plate 940 isapplied to the second form layer 920 to thereby seal in a portion of thegas from the gas filled volume in the upper cell 950 of the pixels.Normally, however, an additional layer of pixels is placed above thefirst layer of pixels and may serve as its top plate 940.

After the pixels in a layer have been completed, external wiring andcircuitry are added to the layer. This external wiring may include anodebus lines, cathode lines, and the like. Preferably, these electricalwirings and bus lines are positioned in the seams between pixels. Theprocess may be repeated as required to complete additional layers ofpixels.

While the above description of the three-dimensional display of theinvention makes reference to cubical cells and a cubical display, theinvention is not limited to such embodiments. Rather, any shape of thecells and the display may be utilized without departing from the spiritand scope of the present invention. For example, as shown in FIGS.10A–C, the pixel 1010 and the cells 1020 may be triangular in shape(FIG. 10B depicts the base of the pixel 1010). Furthermore, the displaymay make use of these triangular shapes to create a display having aplurality of geometries.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposesof illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention, the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. A three dimensional display, comprising: a three dimensional matrixof light emitting elements capable of generating images in threedimensions; and a base coupled to the three dimensional matrix, the basehaving electrical circuitry for powering and controlling the threedimensional matrix, wherein the light emitting elements are pixels, andwherein each of the pixels has a red light emitting element, a greenlight emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, and whereinthe red light emitting element, green light emitting element and bluelight emitting element each include a cell having an anode, a cathode, agas volume and a phosphorus material.
 2. The three dimensional displayof claim 1, wherein the red light emitting element, green light emittingelement, and blue light emitting element each have an anode and acathode.
 3. The three dimensional display of claim 1, wherein an anodeof one of the pixels is shared by at least one other pixel.
 4. The threedimensional display of claim 1, wherein a face of one of the pixels isshared by another pixel.
 5. The three dimensional display of claim 1,wherein a top face of a pixel is the bottom face of a neighboring pixel,and wherein the side of the pixel is the side of another neighboringpixel.
 6. The three dimensional display of claim 1, wherein electricalconnections between the pixels, signal sources and power sources arepositioned in seams between pixels.
 7. The three dimensional display ofclaim 1, wherein an anode bus line is positioned in a seam from a firstanode of a pixel to a second anode of another pixel.
 8. The threedimensional display of claim 1, wherein a first anode of a first redlight emitting element of a pixel is connected to a second anode of asecond red light emitting element in another pixel by a straight linebus connection along a seam in any direction in the three dimensionalmatrix.
 9. The three dimensional display of claim 1, wherein a firstanode of a first green light emitting element of a pixel is connected toa second anode of a second green light emitting element in another pixelby a straight line bus connection along a seam in any direction in thethree dimensional matrix.
 10. The three dimensional display of claim 1,wherein a first anode of a first blue light emitting element of a pixelis connected to a second anode of a second blue light emitting elementin another pixel by a straight line bus connection along a seam in anydirection in the three dimensional matrix.
 11. The three dimensionaldisplay of claim 1, wherein a first cathode of a first pixel isconnected to a second cathode of a second pixel by a straight lineconnection along a seam in any direction in the three dimensionalmatrix.
 12. The three dimensional display of claim 1, wherein thedistance between two adjacent anodes is a square root of two multipliedby a length of one side of a pixel.
 13. The three dimensional display ofclaim 8, wherein a distance between the first anode and the second anodeof the first red light emitting element and the second red lightemitting element is twice the length of one side of a pixel.
 14. Thethree dimensional display of claim 9, wherein the distance between thefirst anode and the second anode of the first green light emittingelement and the second green light emitting element is twice the lengthof one side of a pixel.
 15. The three dimensional display of claim 10,wherein the distance between the first anode and the second anode of thefirst blue light emitting element and the second blue light emittingelement is twice the length of one side of a pixel.
 16. The threedimensional display of claim 11, wherein a distance between the firstcathode and the second cathode of first pixel and the second pixel istwice the length of one side of a pixel.
 17. The three dimensionaldisplay of claim 1, further comprising a control system that controlswhich of the light emitting elements in the three dimensional matrix areilluminated.
 18. The three dimensional display of claim 17, wherein thecontrol system controls color, intensity and duration of the lightemitted by the light emitting elements in the three dimensional matrix.19. The three dimensional display of claim 17, wherein the controlsystem receives an input image coded in a three dimensional coordinatesystem.
 20. The three dimensional display of claim 19, wherein the inputimage is received from one of a computer, television signal receiver,cable system receiver, satellite receiver, and a storage medium.
 21. Thethree dimensional display of claim 19, wherein the control systempixelizes the input image for reproduction by the three dimensionaldisplay.
 22. The three dimensional display of claim 1, wherein the threedimensional matrix has a cube shape.
 23. A three dimensional display,comprising: a plurality of three dimensional light emitting elementsconfigured into a three dimensional matrix of light emitting elementsthat emits light in three dimensions; and a controller that controls theoperation of the light emitting elements to generate a three dimensionalimage, wherein the light emitting elements are pixels, and wherein eachof the pixels has a red light emitting element, a green light emittingelement, and a blue light emitting element, and wherein the red lightemitting element, green light emitting element and blue light emittingelement each include a cell having an anode, a cathode, a gas volume anda phosphorus material.
 24. The three dimensional display of claim 23,wherein a cathode of one of the pixels is shared by one or more otherpixels.
 25. The three dimensional display of claim 23, wherein the redlight emitting element, green light emitting element, and blue lightemitting element each have an anode and a cathode.
 26. The threedimensional display of claim 23, wherein an anode of one of the pixelsis shared by one or more other pixels.
 27. The three dimensional displayof claim 23, wherein a face of one of the pixels is shared by anotherpixel.
 28. The three dimensional display of claim 23, wherein a top faceof a pixel is the bottom face of a neighboring pixel, and wherein theside of a pixel is the side of another neighboring pixel.
 29. The threedimensional display of claim 23, wherein electrical connections betweenthe pixels, signal sources and power sources are positioned in seamsbetween pixels.
 30. The three dimensional display of claim 23, whereinan anode bus line is positioned in a seam from an anode of a pixel to ananode of another pixel.
 31. The three dimensional display of claim 23,wherein a cathode line is positioned in a seam from a cathode of onepixel to a cathode of another pixel.
 32. The three dimensional displayof claim 23, wherein an anode of a red light emitting element of a pixelis connected to another anode of a red light emitting element in anotherpixel by a straight line bus connection along a seam in any direction.33. The three dimensional display of claim 23, wherein an anode of agreen light emitting element of a pixel is connected to another anode ofa green light emitting element in another pixel by a straight line busconnection along a seam in any direction.
 34. The three dimensionaldisplay of claim 23, wherein an anode of a blue light emitting elementof a pixel is connected to another anode of a blue light emittingelement in another pixel by a straight line bus connection along a seamin any direction.
 35. The three dimensional display of claim 23, whereina first cathode of a first pixel is connected to a second cathode of asecond pixel by a straight line connection along a seam in anydirection.
 36. The three dimensional display of claim 32, wherein thedistance between the anodes of the red light emitting elements is twicethe length of one side of a pixel.
 37. The three dimensional display ofclaim 33, wherein the distance between the anodes of the green lightemitting elements is twice the length of one side of a pixel.
 38. Thethree dimensional display of claim 34, wherein the distance between theanodes of the blue light emitting elements is twice the length of oneside of a pixel.
 39. The three dimensional display of claim 35, whereinthe distance between the first cathode and the second cathode is twicethe length of one side of a pixel.
 40. The three dimensional display ofclaim 23, wherein the distance between two adjacent anodes is the squareroot of two times the length of one side of a pixel.
 41. The threedimensional display of claim 23, wherein the controller controls thecolor, intensity and duration of the light emitted by the light emittingelements.
 42. The three dimensional display of claim 23, wherein thecontroller receives an input image that is coded in a three dimensionalcoordinate system.
 43. The three dimensional display of claim 42,wherein the input image is received from one of a computer, televisionsignal receiver, cable system receiver, satellite receiver, and astorage medium.
 44. The three dimensional display of claim 42, whereinthe control system pixelizes the input image for reproduction by thethree dimensional display.
 45. The three dimensional display of claim23, wherein the light emitting elements are formed into a matrix havinga cube shape.